Friday, May 31, 2019

baseball history :: essays research papers

A Brief History of Baseball Part I Origins of the GameUnlike victor basketball and football, interest in baseball game has not been sweeping the globe . Declining charactericipation at the amateur level and protracted labor problems at the skipper level have thrust "Americas Pastime" into an era of uncertainty. Despite this current adversity, baseball will always occupy an important place in American culture. This column starts a three part look at the history of baseball. Most cultures have some sort of stick and ball game, cricket creation the most well-known. While the exact origins of baseball are unknown, most historians agree that it is based on the English game of rounders. It began to become quote popular in this country in the early 19th century, and many sources report the growing popularity of a game called "townball", "base", or "baseball". Throughout the early part of that century, small towns formed groups, and baseball clubs were formed in larger cities. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright wanted to formalize a list of rules by which all team could play. Much of that original code is still in place today. Although popular legend says that the game was invented by Abner Doubleday, baseballs true father was Cartwright. The first recorded baseball contest took place a year later, in 1846. Cartwrights Knickerbockers lost to the New York Baseball Club in a game at the providential Fields, in Hoboken, New Jersey. These amateur games became more than frequent and more popular. In 1857, a convention of amateur teams was called to discuss rules and other issues. Twenty five teams from the north-east sent delegates. The following year, they formed the National Association of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league. In its first year of operation, the league back up itself by occasionally charging fans for admission. The future looked very bright. The early 1860s, however were a time of great turmoil in th e United States. In those years of the polished War, the number of baseball clubs dropped dramatically. But interest in baseball was carried to other parts of the country by Union soldiers, and when the war ended there were more people playing baseball than ever before. The leagues annual convention in 1868 drew delegates from over 100 clubs. As the league grew, so did the expenses of playing. Charging admission to games started to become more common, and teams often had to seek out donations or sponsors to make trips.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Benefits and Risks of Antibiotics Essay -- Antibiotics Pills Essays

Benefits and Risks of AntibioticsIntroductionThere atomic number 18 many issues that producers face in their practices today. One of these issues concerns the widely accepted use of antibiotics in livestock feeds. There atomic number 18 benefits and risks associated with this use. These issues impact not only the animal industry the repercussions atomic number 18 seen on a much larger scale in the general public. This paper allow for give an overview of both the pros and cons of this issue.BackgroundAntibiotics have been approved for use in livestock feed for over 30 years. This includes a variety of different antibiotics that are added to the feed at sub-therapeutic levels. There are strict guidelines that limit the amount of antibiotic to no more that 200 grams per ton of feed. Each antibiotic similarly has a minimum and/or maximum amount set. Antibiotics are widely used in all areas of the animal industry. They are most prevalent in swine, poultry and beef rations. PROAntibi otics are invaluable to the producer. There have been numerous studies that show growth promotion and increased feed efficiency (a.k.a. nutritive conversion) are achieved by using antibiotics in the feed. All industries can benefit from antibiotic use. For example, 100% of poultry producers add antibiotics to their rations for increased feed efficiency in growers and increased egg production in layer hens. Feedlot cattle are fed antibiotics to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses - a major money detriment at slaughter.There are many who argue that the practice of including antibiotics in feed leads to drug resistant bacteria. The research done on this topic is inconclusive. somewhat producers are trying to get around this problem. These producers implement a gradient-feeding regime... ...uperbugs on the hoof? Science. 2000 May 5288(5467)792-4Hayes, D. J., H. H. Jensen, L. Backstrom, J. Fabiosa. Economic Impact of a Ban on the Use of Over-the-Counter Antibiotics in Swine Ratio ns. 1999. Staff Report 99SR90 Center for Agriculture and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.Hoogkamp-Korstanje, JA. 1999. Ned Tijdschr. Geneeskd. (translation). PubMed abstractHoundt, T., H. Ochman. Long-Term Shifts in Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Enteric Bacteria. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. Dec 2000 V.665406Jurgens, Marshall. 1997. Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 8th Edition. Dubuque, IA Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.Kamphues, J. 1999. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wonchensch. (translation). PubMed abstract.Tollefson, L., M. A. Miller, Antibiotic use in Food Animals Controlling the Human Health Impact. J. AOAC Int. 2000 marching music/April 83(2)245-254 Benefits and Risks of Antibiotics Essay -- Antibiotics Pills EssaysBenefits and Risks of AntibioticsIntroductionThere are many issues that producers face in their practices today. One of these issues concerns the widely accepted use of antibiotics in livestock feeds. There are benefits and risks associated with t his use. These issues impact not only the animal industry the repercussions are seen on a much larger scale in the general public. This paper testament give an overview of both the pros and cons of this issue.BackgroundAntibiotics have been approved for use in livestock feed for over 30 years. This includes a variety of different antibiotics that are added to the feed at sub-therapeutic levels. There are strict guidelines that limit the amount of antibiotic to no more that 200 grams per ton of feed. Each antibiotic overly has a minimum and/or maximum amount set. Antibiotics are widely used in all areas of the animal industry. They are most prevalent in swine, poultry and beef rations. PROAntibiotics are invaluable to the producer. There have been numerous studies that show growth promotion and increased feed efficiency (a.k.a. food for thought conversion) are achieved by using antibiotics in the feed. All industries can benefit from antibiotic use. For example, 100% of poultry pr oducers add antibiotics to their rations for increased feed efficiency in growers and increased egg production in layer hens. Feedlot cattle are fed antibiotics to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses - a major money sacking at slaughter.There are many who argue that the practice of including antibiotics in feed leads to drug resistant bacteria. The research done on this topic is inconclusive. or so producers are trying to get around this problem. These producers implement a gradient-feeding regime... ...uperbugs on the hoof? Science. 2000 May 5288(5467)792-4Hayes, D. J., H. H. Jensen, L. Backstrom, J. Fabiosa. Economic Impact of a Ban on the Use of Over-the-Counter Antibiotics in Swine Rations. 1999. Staff Report 99SR90 Center for Agriculture and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.Hoogkamp-Korstanje, JA. 1999. Ned Tijdschr. Geneeskd. (translation). PubMed abstractHoundt, T., H. Ochman. Long-Term Shifts in Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Enteric Bacteria. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. Dec 2000 V.665406Jurgens, Marshall. 1997. Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 8th Edition. Dubuque, IA Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.Kamphues, J. 1999. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wonchensch. (translation). PubMed abstract.Tollefson, L., M. A. Miller, Antibiotic use in Food Animals Controlling the Human Health Impact. J. AOAC Int. 2000 borderland/April 83(2)245-254

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Communication within groups Essay -- essays research papers

There are many different kinds of groups that exist between college students that deal with communication they range from sports teams to many community or social groups. The type of organizations that are mostly found in many colleges today are Greek letter organizations. In this paper I forget exploring communication within the realm of sororities. First, I am going to start with the history of Sororities, then I am going to write about how burning(prenominal) it communication is during what sororities call the pledge process. Furthermore I am going to tell about the different things that sororities have, such as the symbols, colors and different things that whitethorn deal with communication. Even though all sororities have different representations for their symbols and colors, they all have them and they mean certain things.                               &nb sp              Before sororities came about they only had fraternities which dated natural covering the colonial times then later in the mid 19th century sororities came about due to the decrease in popularity (Encarta). During that period, colleges focused almost whole on teaching the classics (Greek and Latin literature) and promoting religious piety, rather than liberal arts (science, history, and literature) or applications of learning such as engineering and agriculture. In response, students created their own outlets to fence the intellectual and political ideas of their time. The early debating societies took on names that reflected classical thinkers or ideas( Encarta).                               Until the 20th century, most fraternities and sororities excluded African American students. The mov ement to create organizations for African American students began in 1906 with the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity at Cornell University. Two years later, the first sorority for African American women, Alpha Kappa Alpha, was established at Howard University. Members of African American Greek-letter organizations sought to help some other black students develop to the... ...e so they have what we have to say. Back then it was a way of saying their pain so they wouldnt get in trouble. They couldnt say anything negative so it was a kind of a code that they had used( www.dailybruin.ucla.edu).     In conclusion sororities like other groups have communication which is important for them to digest. Throught communication sororities are able to continue the legacy and reaffirm the goals set forth by their founders, as well as help the organization to grow. In this paper I have talked about sororities history of how they started and also the things that they do as forms of communication in order to survive in the group.                "Fraternities and Sororities," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2004http//encarta.msn.com 1997-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights ReservedValues and Organizations. Chicago Rand Mcnally & Company, 1965. 92-93. Top of do work 3Bottom of Form 3Top of Form 4     Bottom of Form 4               

Advertising And The Super Bowl Essay example -- essays research papers

Every year, millions of viewers from around the world tune in to watch one of the most exhilarate events in sports unfold--the crack Bowl. The one-game, winner-take- entirely contest for supremacy in the National Football League has grown into more than just a football game debate the best teams of the NFL. It has become the premier event for new television advertising. With half of the ten, all-time most watched television events having been ace Bowls networks ar able to make out precious seconds of airtime to large companies for millions of dollars. As we move into the 21st century, publicity for the games commercials has come to rival that of the game itself. Since its beginning, the Super Bowl has careworn top sponsor dollars and high television ratings. But there are two key events that are linked to the phenomenal rise seen in Super Bowl advertising to what it is today. In 1969, Joe Namath led his New York into Super Bowl III, where they knocked off the Baltimore Colts in one of the most shocking Super Bowl upsets of all time, giving the American Football Conference credibility and causing Super Bowl ad rates to skyrocket. Fifteen years later, in what is widely legitimate as the most famous Super Bowl spot of all time, the Apple Computer was introduced, making it a household be and setting a new standard for Super Bowl advertising (Lohse 14).The incredible climb of Super Bowl advertising is most clearly shown by the current prices for airtime. In last years Super Bowl matchup between the New York Giants and Baltimore Ravens, companies paid CBS close to 2.4 million dollars for a thirty second slot. That amounts to everyplace 75,000 dollars per second. CBS also heavily promoted and aired the show The Super Bowls Greatest Commercials, the night before the big game. The Super Bowl has become a phenomenon in and of itself for commercials. It provides a breeding ground for advertiser competition and creativity (Simmons 18). It is the true test of suc cessful advertising.Prestige, worldwide attention, and the desire to increase sales are some of the most obvious reasons companies want to have their ad shown during the Super Bowl. But there is another advantage that can come out of having your name or product aired during the big game. Free publicity. The social factor of public fascination with Super Bowl advertisements can crea... ...ers and viewers as possible. By bringing a more diversified market that not only follows football, but also ads, they have accomplished exactly that (Lefton).Works CitedPosman, Adam. (1-24-01). Bully for the Super Bowl? INT Media. On-Line, xx. forthcoming http// www.clickz.com/media/agency_stat/article.php/835871Lohse, Deborah. (1-22-01). The Real Super Bowl Competition Is Among Ads. Mercury News. P.14.Blakehorne, Dana. (1-17-2001). Advertising During The Super Bowl A Mixed Bag. E-Business Report. On-Line, Available http//www.clickz.com/ebiz/ebiz_report/article/ pnp/835901.Bentman, Hillary. (1-26- 2001). Dot-coms benched for Super Bowl kick-off. The Daily Free Press (Boston U.) p.7.Geddes, Darryl. (1-22-01) Corporate game plans for Super Bowl Ads. Cornell University Newsletter. P.3Goldberg, Marvin. (1-5-01). Advertising during the Super Bowl can be prime-time blunder. Penn State University College of Business Administration, vol.11, p.15-16.Lefton, Terry. (2-10-99). It Ads Up. Sport, vol.90,i2, p.26-27.Simmons, Mark. (2-7-2000). Super Bowl Sports vs. Advertising. Ask Men, vol.8,i10, p.18-20.Ryan

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

A Comparison of The Crucible and Nazi Germany :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Crucible and Nazi Germany   Arthur Millers portrayal of Salem, Massachusetts brook be juxtaposed with Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany. time the motivations differ, societal similarities exist and both teach us that when a whole society of people have a fear so great that it can be used against them, the society will try to do anything and everything in their power to prevent this from happening. steady when the means of prevention involves innocent people dieing and the terrace system becoming corrupt, the society will act upon this fear of wickedness and the devil.   When one group or individual has so much power and invite to lead or sentence someone to death, then there is something to worry about. In The Crucible, Abigail has the quality of speaking and always being heard, I saw diplomacy Sibber with the Devil(Miller 48) After she says this, Thomas Putnam immediately calls the marshal to hand out warrants to the accused. A functional society cant exist without a balance in power.   Even in todays society, there is a balance in power to keep the country calm. If the president had all the power, then he would be able to bring back whatever ludicrous laws he wanted and basically do anything to benefit himself. Abigail had enough power, not to pass laws, but to testify and decide who should receive a warrant for witchery. When a little, irresponsible, whore of a girl has enough power to do this, she will definitely take advantage of it, and she did.   Reverend John get behind also believes that the chaos in Salem can be directed towards Abigail as he said in Act II, The world goes mad, and it profit zero point you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little girl.(79) Throughout time, history has proven that through conflict and poor living conditions, it can be kinda simple and painless to put all the blame on someone. Adolf Hitler was able to blame people such as the Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, mentall y ill, etc. This seemed like an clean answer. All the problems in the world were the result of these types of people. Once Hitler was able to persuade the majority of Germany that this racist thought was true and that they should be afraid and very relate about being taken over by these people.

A Comparison of The Crucible and Nazi Germany :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Crucible and Nazi Germany   Arthur Millers portrayal of Salem, Massachusetts can be juxtaposed with Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany. While the motivations differ, societal similarities exist and both teach us that when a whole society of people have a idolise so great that it can be used against them, the society will try to do anything and everything in their power to prevent this from happening. Even when the means of prevention involves innocent people dieing and the judiciary system becoming corrupt, the society will act upon this fear of wickedness and the devil.   When one group or individual has so much power and influence to lead or sentence someone to death, then there is something to worry about. In The Crucible, Abigail has the quality of speaking and always cosmos heard, I saw Goody Sibber with the Devil(Miller 48) After she says this, Thomas Putnam immediately calls the marshal to hand out warrants to the accused. A functional society cant exist without a balance in power.   Even in todays society, there is a balance in power to keep the country calm. If the president had all the power, then he would be able to pass whatever ludicrous laws he wanted and basically do anything to benefit himself. Abigail had enough power, not to pass laws, but to testify and decide who should receive a warrant for witchery. When a little, irresponsible, whore of a girl has enough power to do this, she will definitely take advantage of it, and she did.   Reverend John Hale also believes that the chaos in Salem can be directed towards Abigail as he said in motion II, The world goes mad, and it profit nothing you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little girl.(79) Throughout time, history has proven that through conflict and poor upkeep conditions, it can be quite simple and painless to put all the blame on someone. Adolf Hitler was able to blame people such as the Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, mentally ill, etc. Th is seemed like an easy answer. All the problems in the world were the result of these types of people. Once Hitler was able to persuade the majority of Germany that this racist thought was true and that they should be afraid and very concerned about being taken over by these people.

Monday, May 27, 2019

river island

BiographyRiver Island was introduced by Bernard Lewis in 1948, a household concern and it started out as a little store in Londonwith the profession pattern of Lewis Separates. in that respect exhaust been m either alterations to the trade name name such as Chelsea miss and Concept Man and non until 1989 its officially became chousen as RiverIsland today.Between the issue of 20 old ages, from the 1960s to 1980s, Chelsea Girl was a good known high street shop and was celebrated for its long hairy miss logo. A group of about 45 pupils from Uxbridge and Middlesex has teamed together with the shop to recover its repute in the name of Chelsea Girl.River Island could see to be atomic number 53 of the UK s biggest and most undefeated in private owned high street companies with over 250 shops runing all over the universe and is still turning. Further much than, to guarantee theirs client a great, alone and stylish expression, unlike New Look and others high street shops which buy o thers trade name design so altered it, River Island has their ain in-house interior decorator. River Island ever direction on supplying their client the hottest expression, therefore, they in addition concentrate on supplying their employees with a good working environment so that they can work efficiently and at their best. River Island shops across the state are ever similar in both ornament and layout. In recent old ages, River Island has changed all of their shops to hold a unique and similar layout. The general coloring material strategies are normally white walls with some accent of bright green to accommodate a snotty-nosed feeling the flooring is laid with creamy java coloured tiles with black panelling. Bright topographic point visible radiations have besides been used to make a classy expression. In order to assist the client to experience comfy and relaxed the shops have been designed to hold an unfastened air infinite which is simplex just now act as an effectual background assisting the apparels stand out and besides enabling the client to happen their apparels. The layout of River Island is known to be like a walk-in dress shop where you have tendencies that are divided into subdivisions in the store, which helps clients to cognize what they re looking for, i.e. insouciant, refreshing or traveling out.MannerRiver Island is a UK s prima high street trade name, supplying a large scope of fashionable apparels, but most significantly, their monetary values are low-priced and the quality is great. River Island design apparels for both work forces and adult females at the age scope from 16-30. With 250 shops and sell many contrary types of vesture like denims, skirts, knit wear, detonator etc or even accoutrements such as jewellery or places. To Get the most out of it the company besides provides on-line shopping so that it is more convenient for their clients. The design squad represents the civilization that s around them and that s the c ivilization our clients understand, says Richard Bradbury, River Island s pull offing manager. This twelvemonth, the trade name have inform mega net incomes, as adverting this, River Island will hold to thank their immature squad of interior decorators, purchasers and in-house stylists. The companys general subject for apparels line is normally smart looking, rather frequently the client will see that there is a combination between smart-casual. Additional glister, spangles, diamonds and gems appear on all types of apparels to add a spot of bling and to run into with the immature manner tendency. Furthermore, these ornaments besides appear on bags or pocketbooks so that they are all are fiting.One of the company philosophies is concentrating on happening new endowment and conveying them up to lend to the new high street tendency, accumulation after aggregation is required to run into with learn of clients who seeking for the new expression mundane. In order to make that, every t wo hebdomads, Style Challenge is launched by one of our insiders. The subjects will be different each clip to do certain there s something for everyone. Youthful could see being the inspiration for each design, but still could accommodate any age scope every bit long as they are the individual who is seeking a famous person or catwalk manner at a cheaper monetary value. River Island ever concentrated on the manner and the quality. The company apparels are so voguish, smart, immature, low-cost and of a really high quality. Not scarcely the apparels, but besides the shops provide an exciting and merriment environment to shop within. The mean monetary value of each garment is low-costEthical issueRiverIslandis attached to supplying a just trade between the company and their employees. The company has understood that to do an first-class concern, it has to construct strong relationship with its providers, consumers and employees. Corporate complaisant Responsibility has ever been the company s scheme.Ethical Supply ChainAt River Island, it works enthusiastically with its providers and official bureaus around the universe to supply a standard wellness and golosh ordinance to its employees. The company ever ensures that their providers sign a contract which commit to World Wide Ethical criterions and those who violate them will be prosecuted. To back up this policy, the company have ordered the purchasing and proficient squads to see their mills throughout the twelvemonth and actively prosecute in looking out for errors, hence, burst it. Today, River Island merchandises are made across the universe such as in the European Union, Turkey or India. Although there are many ethical and trading issues go oning within manner industry, River Island believes that through gradual alterations, it will pull off to work out the job.Harmonizing to beginning,In June 2008 RiverIsland became a member of the Ethical business Initiative ( ETI ) . Established in 1998 the ETI is a t rade brotherhood organisation and non-governmental administrations committed to working together to place and advance good pattern in the execution of codifications of labor practice.River Island committed to the acceptance and integrating of the ETI Base Code into our World Wide Ethical Policy through its supply concatenation. River Island believes that to be one a ETI member, the company will be able to derive more experience to undertake the related issues within the industry.EnvironmentPresents, being green is one of the head focal point s of each single company. In order to protect the environment, River Island is purely committed to a figure of chief cardinal points targeted such ascut downing jobs the environment is holding, this includes dropping degrees of energy ingestion ( including the usage of renewable energy beginnings )cut downing the degree of merchandise packaging, change magnitude the degrees of recycling and increasing the usage of biodegradable stuffs.The retai l environment of River Island is really high-strung, lively and vivid. The staff are committed to supply the client a high quality service. River Island besides believes that doing the client feel happy is its first precedence, as client service is converted into gross revenues in retail.PromotionIn recent old ages, River Island has gained many of import rubrics from its rival. baksheesh store has been at the top for old ages but easy losing its style crown losing its best store on the high street rubric of tether old ages to equal River Island. River Island besides won in the best bags and best topographic point to pass GBP50 classs in the Company Magazine. The victors were chosen by more than 6000 large number trough the vote system on the company.co.uk web site.River Island advertises itself in magazines for holding garments, accoutrements or merchandises that are copied from famous persons or the catwalk. In order to beam and run, River Island has joined forces with Lo ok in fall 2007 the UK s first calendered high street manner hebdomadal magazine- to ob march and present its fall aggregation.The aggregation has been styled and photographed by the Look manner squad. More interestingly, River Island s shop Windowss nationally have besides been specially designed by Look to do a connexion between the company and the magazine to advance different facets of the aggregation. Look printing manager Julie Lavington remarks We are highly excited to be working with River Island on such a major undertaking. The coaction exemplifies our trade name certificates, and it s great that River Island are tackling the power of Look s repute as the office on high street manner. After all, we re driving 100s of 1000s of adult females in-store every hebdomad .In order to spread out its market sale, River Island has besides launched an online selling with NME.com ( a music trade name ) .In add-on, River Island have famous persons such as Pixie Lot and JLS to pattern its garments which brings fans to shop in River Island. together with the advertisement runs, River Island besides sponsors Graduate Fashion Week which brings publicizing all over the universe, for interior decorators and pupils who would love to get down a calling in the manner industry. Fashion Weeks with new designs and colorss, serve to boot to advance new constructs. These Fashion Weeks non merely expose an array of new merchandises, but besides serve to pass on with the audience visually. Dresss and accoutrements worn by theoretical accounts making catwalks, are more lively and enchanting than the mere show on manikins. usually with a scope of Fall, Spring, Summer and Winter aggregation, Fashion Weeks encouragement market demand and advance its associated concerns every bit good. In add-on, presence in potash alum manner hebdomad is the take on for their company to hold a reappraisal from other people who have visited the show. It gives people an thought to what River Isl and has to offer as a manner retail shop and how they are integrating designs from pupils into their vesture scope.River Island was one of the retail merchants which has joined in High street manner hebdomad to record its line up. The event was taking topographic point on London s Oxford Street from September 7 to September 11. This is a great chance to advance the company image.River Island satisfies its clients with tendency, quality, design and lastingness. That is one ground that River Island is, twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, acquiring support and demands by its clients. It provides a scope of comfy draper footgear to comfort hurting pess of all twenty-four hours long. River Island won the Draper Footwear Award in 2008 while another cogent evidence of its excellence emerged when this trade name bagged LK Today Fashion High Street Fashion Award for Best Denim .Manner is non merely a phenomenon for epicurean life, but this concept trades with benignity every bit good. That is why, modern manner companies are cognizant for the fact of back uping particular people of society with particular demands. River Island is antiphonal towards particular people and that is why it supports BDF ( Birth Defect Foundation ) , now known as New Life FoundationOther than the BDF, River Island besides helps Heart and Design an affiliation that combines creativeness of manner communities with bosom and lungs intervention. Manner is non merely for healthy people, but it besides helps to do indisposed people healthy, it supports them in contending for wellness.River Island is a good know high street trade name that has over 50 old ages experience on manner retail, it provides a large scope of fashionable apparels but most significantly its monetary value are low-cost and its merchandises are good quality. The company satisfies its clients with tendency, quality, design, planetary, human, civilization and society friendly. At one terminal it emphasises embodied psych ological science and tendencies of a society, and at the other terminal, it deals with the single demands of client attention. Healthy tendencies, balanced life, and busy life style are, what the modern manner companies have to see profoundly. It is no more a affair of looking good and attractive, true manner and accoutrements join comfort and tendency together.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Blood Case Study Essay

1. A) The primary disorder of this soulfulness is Hemolytic Anemia. That is when the tog out midpoint is unable to produce more red broth cells to make up for the ones being lost. on that point are more being destroyed faster and the bone heart and soul can not keep up.http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ha/ha_whatis.htmlB) The nominate of the leukocytosis is that there is an plus in the intersection of white tune cells and in this role it is the level of lymphocytes that are elevated. The bone marrow is making too many white blood cells. in that respect is an abnormality in the bone marrow concerning the production of white blood cells and too many are released in the blood.http//www.medindia.net/education/familymedicine/Leukocytosis.htmC) The cause of the thrombocytopenia is due to a low platelet count. The bone marrow is making decorous platelets to keep up with the ones being lost.http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/ ailments/facts/thrombocytopenia.htmD) The cause of a nemia is due to a decreased red blood cell production by the bone marrow. The red blood cells are being destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them. The bone marrow is being alone over exerted.2. Cephalosporin is utilise to treat infections caused by bacteria. She will exhibit her skin bruising easily, fatigue, nose bleeds and general weakness http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/thcp/thcp_signs.html3. People with advanced kidney disease commonly become anemic because the kidneys produce EPO(Erythropoietin) which avails the bone marrow make red blood cells. When they are diagnosed with kidney disease the kidneys do not make enough EPO and therefore the bone marrow makes less red blood cells causing anemia. http//kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/expect/4. A decrease in plasma protein would cause swelling in legs, loss of appetite, excessive urination, headache and jaundice of the skin. A disorder that could cause these effects would be liver disease.5. The k idneys are used to regulate blood volume and also the hematocrit. Restricted blood flow will cause an increase in the hematocrit. Low blood pressure causes an increase in hematocrit.6. Total bilirubin would be increased in a person that has liver damage.7. The type of white blood cell that would be in great numbers in an infected cut would be a neutrophil. They are produced in the bone marrow. They are fast acting and arrive at the site of an infection within a hour. They slaughter pathogens by phagocytosis.http//coloncancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/neutrophils.htm8. Leukocytes also known as white blood cells would be elevated in a person who is combating a virus. Leukocytes defend your body against infections. http//www.buzzle.com/articles/leukocytes-white-blood-cells.html9. Vitamin K aids in blood clotting. Prolonged use of antibiotics can kill the bacteria in the intestines and cause a deficiency in vitamin K. A vitamin K deficiency can tug to bleeding.http//www.umm.edu/altmed/a rticles/vitamin-k-000343.htm10. Having few megakaryocytes would reveal that this person is believably to be having a low platelet count resulting in anemia.11. Fetal hemoglobin is able to bind to oxygen with greater liking than adult. The fetus has cleanse access to oxygen from mothers blood. Fetal hemoglobin last about 6 months after the child is born and is taken over by adult hemoglobin. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin12. Febrile non-hemolytic chemical reaction is most common. It is usually caused by cytokines. It is associated with fever and there is no real lasting side effects. Acute hemolytic reaction is a real serious emergency. It occurs when the person is destroying the donors red blood cells. It is usually caused by giving wrong blood during a transfusion. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion_reaction13. When a Rh interdict person is first clear to Rh positive blood a first time the body builds antibodies like it is something foreign. The second time t he person is exposed to Rh positive blood the body is going to attack it. It has built up antibodies against the Rh factor.http//mmcenters.disco actuallyhospital.com/main.php?id=209314. My diagnosis is that she has Cushings Disease. There is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is caused by the adrenal glands, which are making too much of the hormone cortisol.http//familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/hormone/623.html15. 1) The primary disorder of this person is Iron Deficiency Anemia. There is too little iron in the body.2) The ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate is necessary because it is a type of iron. It will tending the body get back to its normal limit of iron.3) Some dietary suggestions would be to eat fish, meat chiefly liver, fortified cereals and bread because they are all good sources of iron.http//l3.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_985716044.pdf16. 1) The disorder of this person is polycythemia Vera. If the EPO levels were increased it wou ld indicate something else and if the arterial oxygen level was high it would indicate something else as well.2) Phlebotomy will help correct this problem because by removing so much blood over a course of time it will reduce the number of red blood cells and reduce the blood volume so blood can function normal.3) Myelosuppressive therapy may be needed because phlebotomy may not be enough to correct the problem. The bone marrows ability to make red blood cells is being suppressed.4) The BUN and Creatinine rule out renal or kidney failure.5) Albumin, ALT, AST, and bilirubin indicate possible liver problems. http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/polycythemia-vera/DS00919April TrotterBIO 169Blood Vessel Histology1) An artery is an elastic and muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. There is one exception, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs so they can get oxygen ad remove carbon dioxide. Blood is delivered to the arterioles and capillaries tro ugh the systemic arteries. There are three types of arteries. The elastic artery which allows the arteries to stretch. The muscular artery is the most common. There are little or no elastic fibers. They are in truth strong but not flexible. The arterioles are the smallest of the arteries. They are very important in blood pressure control. The aorta is an elastic artery and is the largest artery in the body. It delivers blood to all parts of the body. The aorta is divided into five sections the descending, ascending, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36874/artery2) The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They have only a tunica intima. They are very fragile and easily destroyed. They have no smooth muscle. The continuous capillaries are the strongest and do not leak. They are found mostly in muscle. Fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidney, pancreas and intestine and are leaky. Sinusoidal capillaries are very leaky and have many pore openings. They are located mainly in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaries3) The vein carry blood toward the heart. Veins act as a blood reservoir. There is a low pressure in the veins and they have a thin wall. There is a muscular bosom which the veins are placed between skeletal muscle. When the vein is squeezed blood is returned to the heart. The respiratory pump involves the diaphragm. Vein consist of three parts. The tunica externa which is made up of connective tissue and nerves. The tunica media is composed of smooth muscle and the tunica intima is composed of bare(a) squamous. Veins also have valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way. http//www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=5444) The arterioles are the smallest of the blood vessels. They extend from an artery and lead to a capillary. They have only little muscle mass and contain smooth muscle. They carry blood away from the heart as well. They a re very important in blood pressure regulation. They change size to keep up with the flow of blood. http//highbloodpressure.about.com/od/highbloodpressure101/p/circ_art3.htm5) Atherosclerosis is when organisation build up inside an artery and causes a blockage. It is caused by damage to the endothelium. Cholesterol starts to stick, smooth muscle grows abnormally, calcium starts to stick and gets stuck in plaque causing it to get hard. The plaque can rupture and cause blood clots. If the plaque breaks it can move in the blood and cause a heart attack or a stroke depending on where the blockage is. It is a slow progressive disease. http//www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4440

Friday, May 24, 2019

A Comparative Biography of Jesus in The Qur’an & The Bible

savior has been divinized a significant person in both Islam and Christianity.The Quran and the Bible, as the main sources of the information about deliverer respectively in Islam and Christianity, has contained the biographical narrations of saviour, covering his life and death. Both similarities and differences can be found in the Quran and the Bible about the narrations of Jesus life. This essay leave provide a comparative biography of this noble Messenger of God in the Quran and the Bible. In both the Quran and the Bible, Jesus is narrated as having had an extraordinary fork over. The extraordinariness of the birth of Jesus can be mainly reflected from his biological mother being a virgin. Muslims and Christians both believe that a chaste, virgin woman called Mary miraculously gave birth to the male baby, Jesus before marrying her fianc, Joseph.Evidence can be found in the Quran and the Bible about the startling birth of Jesus. As the Quran says, she (Mary) said O my sea cap tain How shall I have a son when no man has touched me. (Quran 3 47) Similarly, Christians also believe that when Mary was married to a man called Joseph, composition she was a virgin. According to the narration in the Bible, Joseph kept her virgin until she gave birth to a Son and he called His name Jesus. (Bible Matthew 125) Both Muslims and Christians believe Jesus is a Messenger of God. According to Quran, belief in the Messengership of Jesus is one fundamental criterion to judge the true identity of a Muslim.As it is narrated with respect to the Messengership in the Quran, the Messiah (Jesus), son of Mary, was no more than a Messenger before whom many Messengers have passed away and his mother adhered wholly to truthfulness, and they both ate forage (as other mortals do). (Quran 575). Most Christians believe in the Divinity of Jesus and consider him as the second member of the Triune God, the Son of the first dissever of the Triune God, who assigned by God to perform certain holy mission.As it is narrated in the Bible, and now, Lord, look upon their threats, and grant to thy servants to speak thy word with all boldness, while constant of gravitation stretches out thy hand to heal, and sign and wonders are performed through the name of thy holy servant Jesus. (Bible Acts 4 30).However, coexisting with the aforementioned similarities are some divergences of Muslims and Christians beliefs in shape of the biography of Jesus in the Quran and the Bible. Two most representative ones are whether or not Jesus was the son of God as well as the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Nutrient Density

Nutrition closeness Essay After having calculated the nutrient density of seven-spot food groups in a spreadsheet, the food group that came to engender the heightsest nutritive Density was the vegetable group obtaining an average of 7. 76712 Nutrient Density. The food group that came to have the lowest Nutrient Density was the junk food group, having an average of 0. 24845 Nutrient Density. One of the factors that contribute to foods having a high or low Nutrient Density is the amount of calories.I notice that the foods with fewer calories had a higher Nutrient Density, and vice versa, the foods with more calories had a sink Nutrient Density. Another factor that contributes to the high and low Nutrient Density is that the foods with high Nutrients Density have a higher percentage of vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber. Foods with low Nutrient Density have an insignificant amount of vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber. When analyzing the Nutrient Density results of the se ven food groups, I was not surprised of the results.Before having calculated the average Nutrient Density of the seven food groups I had predicted that the vegetable group was going to have the highest Nutrient Density, and that the junk food group was going to have the lowest Nutrient Density. According to the results, the food groups that tend to be the most expensive atomic number 18 the vegetable and fruit group. The food groups that tend to be the least expensive are the grains and the junk food group.One of the factors that contribute to foods having low cost per 100 Calories is because foods much(prenominal) as grains and junk food are associated with higher energy density. By contrast, vegetables and fruit are associated with lower energy density and tend to more expensive. on that point is an association between cost per 100 Calories and Nutrient Density, foods with higher Nutrient Density and fewer Calories tend to be more expensive and foods with a lower Nutrient Densi ty and more Calories tend to be less expensive.The message I got from doing this assignment is that the healthier foods such as vegetables and fruits, which contain a high Nutrient Density are far more expensive than unhealthy food (junk food) such as sodas, candies chips which only provide an insignificant amount of nutrients. alimentation healthy can be costly, but its better for our own health. In contrast, unhealthy food like junk food is cheaper, but it get out not provide you with much nutrients rather it may cause problems to your health if we consume too much of it.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Analysis on Ordinary People by Judith Guest

Ordinary People by Judith Guest is the story of a dysfunctional family who relate to integrity a nonher through a series of extensive defense mechanisms, i. e. an unconscious process whereby reality is distorted to reduce or prevent anxiety. The book opens with cardinal year old Conrad, son of upper middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, home after eight months in a psychiatric hospital, there because he had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who, Jared, through projection, feels despises him.She does all the right things attending to Jareds physical needs, keeping a clean home, plays olf and bridge with other women in her social circle, but, in her own words is an emotional cripple. Jareds father, raised in an divestage, seems anxious to please every adept, a matter-of-fact reaction of individuals who, as children, experienced parental indifference or inconsistency. Though a successful tax attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad, a nd, according to his wife, drinks also many Conrad seems consumed with despair.A return to normalcy, school and home-life, appear to be more than Conrad can handle. Chalk-faced, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on perpetuating the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, after all, are people of dandy taste. They do not discuss a problem in the face of the problem. And, besides, there is no problem. Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two Conrads suicide and the death by drowning of Conrads older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the air is full of flying scrap and wants to feel in control.Their initial sessions together frustrate the psychiatrist because of Conrads inability to express his feelings. Berger cajoles him into expressing his emotions by saying, Thats what appens when you bury this junk, kiddo. It keeps resurfacing. Wont leave you alone. Conrads slow but steady jaunt towards healing seem s partially the result of cathartic revelations which purge guilt feelings regarding his brothers death and his familys denial of that death, plus the love of a good woman.Jeannine, who sings soprano to Conrads tenor in that location is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, the feeling one has when one acts contrary to a role he has assumed while interacting with a significant person in his life, This guilt engenders in Conrad feelings of low self esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express similar feelings of worthlessness. In his book, Against All Odds, William Helmreich relates how one subsister articulates a feeling of abandonment. Did I abandon them, or did they abandon me? Conrad expresses a similar thought in remembering the sequence of events when the sailboat they were on dour over.Buck soothes Conrad saying, Okay, okay. Theyll be looking now, for sure, just hang on, dont get tired, promise? In an imagined conversation with his dead brother, Conrad asks, Man, whyd you let go? Because I got tired. The hell You neer get tired, not before me, you dont You tell me not to get tired, you tell me to hang on, and and so you let go I couldnt help it. Well, screw you, then Conrad feels terrible anger with his brother, but cannot comfortably express that anger.His psychiatrist, after needling Conrad, asks, Are you dotty? When Conrad responds that he is not mad, the psychiatrist says, Now that is a lie. You are mad as hell. Conrad asserts that, When you let yourself feel, all you feel is lousy. When his psychiatrist questions him about his relationship with his mother, Calvin says, My mother and I do not connect. Why should it bother me? My mother is a very private person. This sort of response is called, in psychological literature, rationalization. We see Conrads anger and aggression is displaced, i. e. vented on another, as when he physically attacked a schoolmate.Yet, he also turns his anger on himsel f and expresses in extreme and dangerous depression and guilt. Guilt is a normal emotion felt by most people, but among survivors it takes on special meaning. Most feel blameable about the death of loved ones whom they feel they could have, or should have, saved. Some feel guilty about situations in which they behaved selfishly (Conrad held on to the boat even after his brother let go), even if there was no other way to survive. In answer to a query from his psychiatrist on when he last got really mad, Conrad responds, When it comes, theres always too much of it.I dont know how to handle it. When Conrad is ultimately able to express his anger, Berger, the psychiatrist says to Calvin, Razoring is anger self-mutilation is anger. So this is a good sign turning his anger outward at Because his family, and especially his mother, frowns upon ublic displays of emotion, Conrad keeps his feelings bottled up, which further contributes to depression. encyclopaedia Britannica, in explicati ng the dynamics of depression states, Upon close study, the attacks on the self are revealed to be unconscious expressions of disappointment and anger toward another person, or even a circumstance deflected from their real direction onto the self.The aggression, therefore, directed toward the outside world is turned against the self. The article further asserts that, There are three cardinal psychodynamic considerations in epression (1) a deep sense of loss of what is loved or valued, which may be a person, a thing or even liberty (2) a date of mixed feelings of love and hatred toward what is loved or highly valued (3) a heightened overcritical concern with the self. Conrads parents are also busily engaged in the business of denial.Calvin, Conrads father, says, Dont worry. Everything is all right. By his own admission, he drinks too much, because drinking helps , deadening the pain. Calvin cannot tolerate conflict. Things must go smoothly. Everything is jello and pudding with you , Dad. Calvin, the orphan says, Grief is ugly. It is something to be afraid of, to get rid of. Safety and order. Definitely the priorities of his life. He constantly questions himself as to whether or not he is a good father. What Beth, Conrads mother, is very self-possessed.She appears to have a highly developed super-swelled head, that part of an individuals personality which is moralistic , meeting the demands of social convention, which can be irrational in requiring certain(prenominal) behaviors in spite of reason, convenience and common sense. She is furthermore, a perfectionist. Everything had to be perfect, never ind the impossible hardship it worked on her, on them all. Conrad is not unlike his mother. He is an overachiever, an A student, on the swim team and a list-maker.His father tells the psychiatrist, I see her not being able to forgive him. For surviving, maybe. No, thats not it, for being too much like her. A psychoanalyst might call her anal retentive. Someone wh o is fixated symbolically in orderliness and a tendency toward perfectionism. Excessive self-control, not expressing feelings, guards against anxiety by controlling any expression of emotion and denying emotional investment in a thing or person. She had not cried at the funeral.She and Conrad had been The means of the book is contained in Bergers glib saying that, People who keep stiff upper lips find that its damn hard to smile. We see Conrad moving toward retrieval and the successful management of his stage of development, as articulated by Erikson, intimacy vs. isolation. At story end, his father is more open with Conrad, moving adpressed to him, while his mother goes off on her own to work out her issues. Both trying to realize congruence in their development stage (Erikson), ego integrity vs. despair.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Dunkin Donuts

44577001079500Womens CampusCollege of Business AdministrationBUS351 International Business CourseTERM 172GROUP PROJECT FINAL DRAFTDUNKIN DONUTS work in the Quick Service restaurants industry gave Dunkin Donuts a huge challenge to face globally, when entering unsanded marketplaces using one mode of entry, the Franchising, it meant establishing a topical anaesthetic base for a global telephone circuit, and great opportunities exist in the Saudi-Arabian Market, yet great challenges to prove ability of continuing business.For 31 old age, Shahia Food express mail was the claime global DD selected to represent the brand in the Kingdom, it applied a local anaestheticized industry by promoting Saudi terms related to the brand, and was massively supported by the government to keep satisfying the Saudi taste, done its 200 shops across the Saudi land. KeywordsDunkin Donuts, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, franchising, franchisee, joint venture, entry modes, entry determinants, 2030 vision. I ntroductionRecently, Saudi Arabia has been the cozy up of the investments worldwidely. According to 2030s vision, Saudi is attracting natural investors every year.The market in Saudi is attractive and has significant attri exactlyes. In order to satisfy the Saudi taste and Saudi consumption trends, the company must meet what Saudi clients want, which allow for ensure an international success in the heart of the global world. Dunkin Donuts is considered one of the top ten-spot companies worldwide, with more than(prenominal) than 12,000 secernatees in all over the world. Dunkin Donuts is managed through maintaining a strong position in all its targeted markets, by using the modes of the entrance and proper strategies with an gravel of nearly hundred years of offering baked goods and drinks.Overview of the IndustryQuick service restaurant (QSR) industry was naturalized in 1921, which offers previously prepared sustenance immediately to the on-the-go consumers that were deli mit as a new type of restaurants. Donuts were created in 1847, and it has been developed to be combined with a variety of flavors through years and associated with hot drinks, to please the American taste with sugary harvest-homes. The size of the market globally is predicted by more than 3 Trillion Dollars, due to the massive number of workforce virtually the world, resolved assets spread worldwide, and size of activities practiced.The market of QSR maintains a small industry in it, for baked goods and umber, maintains multiple international brands that operate in this field, and this industry is approximated in more than 1 Trillion Dollars annually, and the market is divided primarily between 4 brands as follows Company BackgroundIn 1948, William Rosenberg initiated his first shop for coffee and doughnuts, the Open Kettle, which was ground on a 40% of r scourues, William was able to reach from his food in-plants outlets and food trucks, which was the impending trend of fast fo od, introduced to the world.In 1950 William Rosenberg chose Dunkin Donuts as a new construct of Open Kettle, to be the first Dunkin Donuts shop in Quincy, Massachusetts, USA, the shop offered 52 flavors, and William was able to open 6 more Dunkin Donuts shops during its first five years constructing a chain. In 1960 the International Franchising Association (IFA), was originated to franchise the brand globally and locally.At the moment, Dunkin Donuts is based in Canton Massachusetts, USA, Dunkin Donuts is part of the Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. family of companies.So far, Dunkin Donuts was able to achieve success, which maintains more than 11,300 shops in 44 countries (8,500 in the 41 US states, and 3,200 worldwide), offering everyday a stop for baked goods and coffee, setting the brand as a market leader globally.In 1971, William was diagnosed with lungs cancer, he passed the business to other Dunkin Donuts leaders.An English businessman, Nigel Travis is the current CEO for Dunkin D onuts, who has been running Dunkin Donuts since 2009. Dunkin Donuts fo chthonicWilliam Rosenberg (1916-2002) was American entrepreneur who was the founder of Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg attended a globe school. Because of financial problems Rosenberg was forced to leave his school in the eighth grade to support his family. At the age of fourteen, Rosenberg worked as a delivery boy for Simco.At the age of twenty-one, Rosenberg raised from delivery boy to national gross revenue manager, supervising the merchandiseion, cold storage, shipping, and manufacturing. In 1948, the Open Kettle was started by Rosenberg which is a coffee and doughnuts shop. Later, Rosenberg renamed it to Dunkin Donuts. Dunkin Donuts was normal offering fifty-two types of doughnuts over six stores. In 2001, Rosenberg published a book which is Time to Make the Donuts The Founder of Dunkin Donuts.William Rosenbergs vision is kept until today under the name the philosophy of Dunkin Donuts Make and serve the freshest , most delicious coffee and donuts chop-choply and courteously in modern, wellhead-merchandised stores.Regarding Dunkin Donuts values, Dunkin Donuts attains twelve values applied perfectly to franchise owners, and they are as followsHonesty The truth is always the major key to success.Transparency sharing thoughts fluency.Respect Give individuals their nobility and win others regard.Fairness Do what is right even if it is hard to do.Humility helping less fortunate individuals. It is about the team and the society as a whole.Responsibility- Be accountable for the outcome whether the situation is good or bad. Integrity Character indicates when no individual is looking.In 1990, Allied Lyons the owner of Baskin Robbins purchased Dunkin Donuts that was renamed to Dunkin Brands in 2004.Dunkin Donuts reached the first rank in customer loyalty of coffee category by Brand Keys for 10 years successively.Dunkin Donutss major rivals worldwide Starbucks Starbucks is obviously the leader of all Competitors of Dunkin Donuts. It competes with Dunkin Donuts by offering a variety of baked food and drinks in a relaxed atmosphere. McDonalds McDonalds is one of the main fast food chains in the industry and one of the top Competitors of Dunkin Donuts.Offering a variety of food items and drinks at low prices with quick service.Krispy Kreme Krispy Kreme offers doughnuts and coffee, which means the toughest competition with Dunkin Donuts.Dunkin Donutss major competitors in Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arabia market, Dunkin Donuts has a variety of competitors both international competitors and local coffee shops. International competitors are Starbucks, Krispy Kreme and McDonalds.The local coffee shops are Coffee Day, 12cups, Alchemy. As a result, Dunkin Donuts should adopt and understand the Saudi culture to compete with their competitors. Furthermore, selecting some commonsensible areas that most of the locals may not stimulate the capacity to manage the cost because of their limited b udgets, Dunkin Donuts can gain a competitive advantage.Entering to the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaGlobalization enabled local companies to become international, by giving them accessibility to invest in foreign markets, expanding their sizes, assets net worth, and targeted segments of customers.Also, it gave governments better opportunities for developing communities.Entering KSA as an international business is an easy process, but must be applied with accuracy and professionalism. The competitive investing climate attracts investors to be on this land, and only the most creative innovative could last, since the mid-1970s as of recently.In 1986, Shahia food Limited Company wins the contract of Dunkin Donuts franchise and was able to introduce the brand Dunkin Donuts to Saudi Arabia.Dunkin Donuts is keeping spreading in KSA over thirty-one year. the first branch was established in Al Olaya. Nowadays, the company has more than 200 branches in all Saudi regions, starting fromRiyadh Region (King Khalid Intl Airport, Wadi Laban, Al Muzahimiah, Diriya, and more). Western Region, which includes (Mecca, Jeddah, and Madinah) easterly Region (Khobar, Dammam, and Jubail)Qassim Region (Buraydah, Badiah, Bakeereya Unayzah, and Zulfi) Saudi employees versus Foreign employeesDunkin Donuts employes an acceptable number of Saudis.Its main purpose of having galore(postnominal) Saudi employees is because of the policy of its industry, that employing Saudis to easily serve Saudi consumers will help to reach Dunkin Donuts products. Moreover, Saudi employees can realize their nation consumption habits more than foreign employees. KSA modes to enter Saudi marketThere are many modes to enter Saudi market. every type serves organizations, governments, and customers, reaching their objectives.Methods can be summarized as followsExporting a country (exporter) sells goods and services and distributes them to another country (importer).Piggybacking merchandising goods services to local busin esses, but they market the vendor globally.Buying a company is the most expensive method of entering a country, it is about purchasing a local company.Turnkey Projects Forming a project from the ground, and selling it to local companies to warranty an indirect existence. Contracting either through licensing, joint ventures, or partnering, it refers to a avower assists to introduce the brand to the local market. The percentage of involvement the contractor obtains is different from a contract to another.Greenfield Investments means a project where a firm builds operations in a foreign market originatening from scratch.This mode has a large cost and local lows control it.A number of elements, such as expenses, local laws, necessities, desired quality, and industry will allude the company choices of these modes. Dunkin Donuts has chosen since 1960 using the franchising model to enter America and worldwide markets, and Dunkin Donuts used it in KSA too through Shahia Foods Limited tha t held the franchising method.Dunkin Donuts KSA has its own vision statement that sequel the overall Dunkin Donuts vision To be always the desired place for great coffee beverages and delicious completing donuts & bakery products to enjoy with family and friends As well as Dunkin Donuts MissionTo be the leading provider of the wide range delicious beverages & baked product around the kingdom in a convenient, relaxed, friendly environment, that insuresthe highest level of quality product and best value for money.We provide our guest, the elegant service, and unforgettable experience to meet their expectations in every single visit.?These strategic management tools state that Dunkin Donuts KSA works under the localization theme, because of Saudi community privacy, that Dunkin Donuts exists to make its enjoyable moments with delightful pastries and drinks, it is general in food firm to follow the localization theme because of the dependence of the food fields on the local tastes.The l ocalization method is tracked through the Dunkinha and Dunkawy card game terms that support the customers loyalty, and a customized menu made by Dunkin Donuts for only Saudi Arabia.ConclusionIt is apparent that KSA was for Dunkin Donuts an important market, thats why it was chose from the beginning to be regain in. Saudis location, the type of consumption trends the society maintains, the support of the government received by international market players, and the encouraging purchasing power obtained by the Saudi concourse all these and other considerations, were the reason why 31 Dunkin Donuts existed in KSA.The unique mode which is franchising is used by the company worldwide, this method was used due to the temperament of the industry maintained by Dunkin Donuts, which is QSR, that means it is a must to have the food on demand, this caput cannot be done by other types of entry, it should be done through actual existence, and to reduce cost and time of studying national taste and its trends. To represent the company in the kingdom Dunkin Donuts preferred to have a national local franchisee.The choice of this franchise was distinctive, due to the 31 years position of ruling the QSR in backed food and drinks industry in KSA, accomplished by Shahia, where the total market share reached is 49% of total market, compared to 29% for Starbucks and 22% for MacDonalds.Discussion Questions and AnswersWhy choose Saudi Arabia? Dunkin Donuts is considered as the quick service restaurant industry., it is situated in Canton, Massachusetts, USA, it chose to invest in KSA because of its high concentration on building up the companys points of interest by existing in Saudi Arabia the heart of the world, which means rising the abroad experience. Moreover, it strongly supports the fact of investing where it can be focused on expanding resources, inattentive of having power.However, having the ownership flexibility, and air risk.How the investment in Saudi Arabia? The compre hensive advantage of investment in KSA is known as stable. There is no need to concern about the nationalizing of the international businesses because of the encouragement practiced by the Saudi government towards foreign investors and the supporting for liberal ownership in the Saudi market.How do political global policies affect your business?The high rate of return, and the taxation system, for foreign investors in KSA, were factors of attracting the international business. The kingdom of Saudi has many advantages for foreign investors which are the highest digits for GDP in the region, controlled splashiness rate, the size of the Saudi market, and finally the size and support given for the infrastructure.These great advantages are not only to attract Dunkin Donuts to Saudi Arabia but all types of investors.Entering KSA as an international business is considered an easy process?Entering KSA as an international business is an easy process, but must be applied with accuracy and p rofessionalism.What were the difficulties you face to enter the Saudi market? Studying and analyzing the Saudi customer inevitably, was one of the greatest work done by Dunkin Donuts KSA.One of its studies stated that employing Saudi Staff, and practicing the Saudization, will give the Saudi clients a more pleasant and stratified experience. SWOT AnalysisStrengthsThe industrys most fundamental point of strength that makes it worth to persist the business through the past years is the time-saving rule, which means the industry reaches what regular restaurants cant offer, all these restaurants guarantee fast processes and quick purchase of food.WeaknessesStaff who work in low conditions, with low wages, are considered from the weaknesses this industry face, which gave it a bad reputation among people worldwide.OpportunitiesDue to globalization every year there are new markets added to the demand forces as a huge opportunity to the industry.ThreatsConsumer demand for healthier food i s increasing the threat in this industry, which will keep these restaurants under the consumer bliss indexes pressure.AppendixInterview questions answersWho are your national global competitors? Our competitors are other businesses operating in the same industry as we are. Which are Krispy Kreme, McDonalds and the main competitor is Starbucks.Does Dunkin Donuts buy from other countries or make the products?No, the raw material comes from America and Dunkin Donuts produces the products in Saudi.How is your merchandise methods different here in Saudi Arabia to other countries?merchandising methods are different in each country because of cultural differences.In Saudi Arabia, Dunkin Donuts understands and respects the culture and religion of the region by following the regulations and guidelines for denote the company.What is the entry mode that Dunkin Donuts use (Franchising, licensing, joint venturing, exporting, turnkey projects or wholly owned subsidiary?Licensing with Franchi sing, as a combined mode used by the company worldwide.How do political global policies affect your business?It impacts Dunkin Donuts by having many barriers to entry in different countries. Each country has its own policies that Dunkin Donuts needs to follow in order to operate the business there. These days, Saudi is becoming more strictly by developing new regulations regarding operating businesses.In strategic positioning, does your business choose differentiation or low-cost methods for their products in order to create value for Dunkin Donuts products?No, Dunkin Donuts likes to keep up with the standards in order to offer high-quality products to the customers. after(prenominal) the value-added tax, Dunkin Donuts just added one riyal to all products and make more offers to attract customers.Do you have different methods of choosing your employees here from other countries?Dunkin Donuts likes to follow the government requirements regarding the Saudilization. As well as to hav e non-Saudi employees as a percentage of the staff, but to be able to speak English and Arabic as well.The interviewee informationName Gilhesh capital of MinnesotaPosition Area Supervisor.Phone number 0560-213-910Email emailprotectedReferencesDunkin Donuts. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2017, from http//www.dunkinbrands.com/about/donutsG. (2017, December 07).Dunkin Donuts franchise. Retrieved December 10, 2017, from http//worldfranchise.eu/franchise/dunkin-donutsMarket Entry Strategies. (n.d.).Retrieved December 11, 2017, from http//www.tradestart.ca/market-entry-strategiesNigel Travis. (n.d.).Retrieved December 10, 2017, from https//news.dunkindonuts.com/about/ leadership/nigel-travisSaudi Arabia Market Opportunities Saudi Arabia Market Opportunities. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2017, from https//www.export.gov/article?id=Saudi-Arabia-Market-Opportunities(n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2017, from http//www.dunkindonuts.sa/English/Dunkawy/Pages/default.aspx12,000Global Locations And Still Growing. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2017, from http//www.dunkinfranchising.com/franchisee/en.htmlDunkin DonutsWhat are the stages in a product feel speech rhythm? What are the marketing implications of each stage? From my studies it has been provine that the product life cycle is a great marketing concept that focus on the revenues from the sales of a product. The product life cycle is drawn like a bell curve. The life cycle is divided into four stages they are introduction, growth, maturity date, and decline. Introduction-It takes time of a new product to begin selling in volume. There may be manufacturing or logistics issues to contend with.The marketplace may be unfamiliar with th product and creating awareness takes time. wherefore product sales show a slow growth during the introduction phase. Growth- The growth space is characterized by a rapid enlarge in sales volume. This is created by increased product demand when customers are buying. Manufacturing and logistics issues are likely resolved and the market is far more aware of the product. Maturity-The maturity phase is established by sales volumes leveling off.At this point competition is strong and margins may begin to suffer. Signs of getting to this stage are that competitors may start advertizing more strongly or using other promotional means to increase sales. Decline-Is when a product sales begin to come and it is at this point that some serious marketing decisions need to be made. It is sometimes possible to extend the life of a product by ever-changing some of its product attributes, repositioning it or by packaging it with other products.Dunkin DonutsWhat are the stages in a product life cycle? What are the marketing implications of each stage? From my studies it has been provine that the product life cycle is a great marketing concept that focus on the revenues from the sales of a product. The product life cycle is drawn like a bell curve. The life cycle is divided into f our stages they are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Introduction-It takes time of a new product to begin selling in volume. There may be manufacturing or logistics issues to contend with.The marketplace may be unfamiliar with th product and creating awareness takes time. Consequently product sales show a slow growth during the introduction phase. Growth- The growth space is characterized by a rapid increase in sales volume. This is created by increased product demand when customers are buying. Manufacturing and logistics issues are likely resolved and the market is far more aware of the product. Maturity-The maturity phase is established by sales volumes leveling off.At this point competition is strong and margins may begin to suffer. Signs of getting to this stage are that competitors may start advertising more strongly or using other promotional means to increase sales. Decline-Is when a product sales begin to decrease and it is at this point that some serious marketi ng decisions need to be made. It is sometimes possible to extend the life of a product by changing some of its product attributes, repositioning it or by packaging it with other products.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Marketing Strategy of Tung Lok Essay

sensory system of entryIn international marketing, modes of entry indicate the risk of foreign market represents, the amount of resources essential and how the guild can enter the market. Political risk and financial risk are the two major(ip) factor that Tung Lok pass on assess to understand deeper the United Kingdom markets before investing in. The purpose of the political risk assessment is to evaluate the political stability of UK. The changes in a countrys political structure and policies can cause the loss of the investment or business.T here(predicate) are 3 main types of political risks here Ownership riskOperation riskTransfer riskNaturally, UK judicature activity will favor the topical anesthetic companies than the foreign companies in order to encourage the domestic economical development. So the foreign companies will counter many policies which can lead to the end of their business such as Expropriation and Confiscation. The companys assets will be seized and an amount of compensation will be paid to the owners, which is a form of expropriation. Confiscation is a transfer of the ownership from the foreign company to a host company without any compensation. The foreign company can non be operated by broad(a)ly foreigners as the foreign worker quota is limited. The g all overnment will demand a partial transfer of ownership and management to the local and implant regulations so that a large share of the product is locally produced and the main profit remains in the country.This knead is domestication. While shifting funds between countries, many companies running overseas are facing uncouth problems, for example, shortage of foreign currency in the local bank. Government officials drag on the negotiation as foreign company requires more approval letters and documents. High tax and government price rig of the import affect the competitiveness of the company as the input price increases. To deal with these problems, long full term contrac ts should be formed with the potential drop and essential partner companies to ensure sustainable resources.In order to pass over the UKs market, Tung Lok can approach in an direct way exchangeable franchising. A local eating place or company will cooperatewith Tung Lok and the name of the restaurant will be Tung Lok too. Facilities, decoration and operation will be in Tung Loks control and adjustment, however, the staffs, faction members or the intellectual nourishment supply will be recruited locally. This method makes sure that Tung Lok holds a steadfast business ground even though 30% of the profit stays back in UK. engineer marketTung Lok restaurants are famous about their Cantonesecooking style which offers exclusive collections of refined dinners and continually attract the loyal followings. Each of the restaurants offers various courses of dining concept targeted at different market segments, from cypher individuals to high-income customers. The primary market is the British who earn a middle or upper income. Chinese viands can be popular and the intensity is nip and tuck but Britain is the largest market in the world and the body politic of opportunity. The main menu consists of many traditional Chinese dishes at an average or slightly supra average price. The restaurant will be located further to the center of London to cut live of the rental, however, near to some business and office district like Canary Wharf in column Hamlets, London with high concentration of shops and businesses.Officers can prefer a quick bite at the Asiatic restaurant with a warm and relaxing atmosphere. The secondary target market is the British Asian in UK, which consists of 8% of the total UK population, 63 million people in 2013. The British Asian is highly dent loyalty and favorite the Chinese culinary art. Tung Lok restaurants commit to bring the finest and freshest of the food to the customers with the upmost care in the most authentic Cantonese style. T he group not only brings a Asian kitchen to UK but also the entire culture and tradition to experience here in Tung Lok. Marketing positioningAs a newly seted restaurant in the region, Tung Lok aims to establish and stabilize the business in the first 4 months instead of maximize the profit generator. This period of time is crucial to Tung Lok as the initial come across and reputation will position in the customers minds and slowly but steady build up the tell on loyalty. Certainly, the prices in the menu are final and, best, kept constant throughout the business. Since the priority is quality over price for the starting period, promotion and advertisement can bepublished in the newspaper and most the area. The restaurant is not confident that the first month will have any profit delinquent to the intensive investment and slow business, however, a possible goal to strive for. Deals and happy hours are mutual to attract new customers attention with family deal combo and crowded group of officers.Saving cost does not mean treating the staffs poorly as outstanding food must come with good services. Staffs must be provided uniforms and chef must be equipped with sufficient kitchen tools and raw materials. Trainings are provided to all the crew and facilities must be maintained to the upmost level of cleanness and tidiness. Safety and standardization must be set as the bottom despite the costly price. Fierce competition from local shops will snatch the customers away and customers can unconsciously deny Chinese food. So the taste of the food will be edited slightly to reason the locals appetite closer but not removing the authenticity of the dish. Marketing objectiveA detailed schedule shall be prepared and filed in Singapore to propose to UK authority for approval to launch our restaurant at the end of 2013. From January 2014 to June 2014, 1 team needs to research and study the local trends of food favor and appetite to create most suitable dishes in Canto nese style but suitable for the British. other team will investigate and liaise with a Britain company to find a location for the restaurant. The restaurant will be in operation in latest October 2014 and till the end of 2014, the restaurant will set a goal to create 10% of customers awareness through any means like advertising and promotions.Executive SummaryTung Lok Group is a chain of Chinese restaurants paved the newfangled Chinese cuisine in Singapore. The first restaurant was opened in October 1980 at Corthorne Orchid Singapore. The dishes here are served in Cantonese-cooking style and attract a lot of diners attention. Currently, Tung Lok Group consists of 40 restaurants in Singapore, Indonesia, and China bearing the famous hallmark reputation of high-quality food, exceptional service and outstanding design. Andrew Tjoe is the executive chairperson and the very founder of Tung Lok. In 2012, due to many external factors such as economic crisis, raising completion and intern al factors like closure of 6 Tung Lokrestaurants, the revenue decline to S$86.6 million from 94.3 million from past years.However, Tung Lok still has a higher gross margin of 71.6% from 69.9%, gist Tung Loks business is operating profitably. The Asia market has become saturated of Chinese cuisine. A raising need for a new market to invest in is very necessary. So a faraway land decided to place the Groups future in is London, England. Locally the Chinese cuisine restaurants have appeared for a long time but the intensiveness is low, moreover, their category and nature are tout ensemble different from Tung Lok. Cantonese-cooking style is not properly introduced in London and most of the restaurants serve non-authentic or similar recipe. A fresh and enormous market like United Kingdom is very potential and promising for Tung Lok to bloom.

4P analysis of Phoenix Essay

The success of genus phoenix Satellite Television starts with the accurate marking. According to research, in 2011, the coverage of Phoenix Chinese Channel in southern mainland china including goby and Axing province enjoyed a dominant position among all the areas In China. Meanwhile, administration and enterprise network have father the main channel for wad to watch Phoenix TV. More than 65% of people have watched Phoenix Chinese Channel with administration cable network specifically. The number is still gradually increasing in recent years.As it is dated on the 201 2 Annual Report of Phoenix Satellite Television Station Holdings Limited, the dally viewing of Phoenix Chinese Channel among business executives rose 28% year-on-year, and maintained as the quaternary most popular channel compared with CATV General, CATV News, Dragon TV and so forth. Phoenix Chinese Channel as closely as Phoenix Infernos Channel also receives a high level of audition precaution in offices an d hotels where people who enjoy high income such as general manager, CEO and partner of an brass section are easy to be spotted.Apart from equines world, Phoenix TV has also gained its popularity in political field. gold coast Goal, the member of the Political Bureau of the CPA Central Committee, described Phoenix TV as his old friend, praising the contri stillion that Phoenix has made to promote cultural communication between China and western world. Therefore, having examined all the characteristics of TV population, it is not hard to find the clear market segmentation of Phoenix.Individuals who experience high educational background, possess a high position with high income are carefully targeted, which earns the randomness and news content tot Phoenix TV have been made to satisfy the tastes and interests of this group of viewers. By doing so, Phoenix defines exactly who they want to reach, making itself stand out from many new(prenominal) TV channels in Greater China. Based on its well-positioned target market, Phoenix has built some solid strategies from contrasting perspectives to reach its audiences effectively.First of all, it is the product that is the essential part of any company and the most direct unite between customers and an organization. The most important products of Phoenix, apparently, are programmers. Phoenix TV, including 6 channels, contains a variety of programmers, ranging from political and pecuniary news and current affairs through live broadcast and talk shows to films, music reviews as well as mini-series in both China and foreign regions. Programmers of Phoenix are quite comprehensive and insightful, in particular In Phoenix Chinese Channel.Besides Its core products, Phoenix has made an effort in multi-media curriculum. Phoenix New Media Limited, one of the subleases of Phoenix, has formed a partnership with the British Broadcasting Corporation and the National ask Board of Canada successively to provide foreign regainin g on Phoenixs digital media platforms in China. At the same time, Phoenix Metropolis Holdings Limited engages in the outdoor media business In China by offering outdoor advertising services on giant-sized LED panels.Since the Internet tofu develop multi-media products indeed helps Phoenix to remain competitive in this new age. Another outline that Phoenix assiduous to adapt to the new marketing environment is to think global, act topical anesthetic. The launch of Phoenix take to task and Phoenix North America Chinese Channel could serve as a great example. direction on the overseas Chinese, tot two channels contain several well-known programmers such as Asian Journal and Good Morning China, as well as some in-ho hire programmers including Europe instantly and Experience America.Whilst those well-known programmers are responsible for the brand building of Phoenix and keeping overseas audience informed on the situation in China, in-house programmers meet the demands of understa nding the local life of foreign countries. That is to say, local news and cultural information provide a practical help towards overseas Chinese. Due to the thriving use of marketing strategy, Phoenix is now experiencing the maturity eroded in its product life bout after the process of introduction and growth. The story of Phoenix is about to reach its climax.The Phoenixs strategy of pricing is not uncommon in media industry. As the Phoenix Satellite TV has grounded in Gudgeon Cable TV Network, each family hardly needs a set-top box and 25-RHOMB monthly fee to remove the Phoenix TV. As for the products via other media platforms, the price of Phoenix Weekly has been raised because of the growth of production cost, but the sales are not largely affected. Basically, watching Phoenix TV programmers online is free. If people would like to stick out ARM monthly, they could enjoy all programmers in high-definition format without any advertisement.The third significant factor, place, o r specifically distribution, could influence the sales of products greatly. Different products need different distribution strategies. In the case of Phoenix TV, as a satellite broadcaster, the primary distribution method is by Assist AS. However, unsurprisingly, there is another way in mainland China. As Ill Change mentioned in the interview with the Washington Post in 2005, only hotels, universities and certain state employees were supposed to receive Phoenix, but students began installing satellite dishes illegally to pick it up. The censorship is still strict, but it would not dampen the enthusiasm of people to watch Phoenix. Although the specific approaches in mainland China, Hong Kong and other countries are slightly different, the main distribution strategies could be divided into two categories direct distribution and confirmatory distribution. The traditional television and magazines allow people to obtain the news content and information from broadcasters directly, whils t the Internet become the middleman during the process of distribution.TV programmers could be seen on the official website of Phoenix, and readers could find the magazines bind in APS. With the advancement of Internet, indirect distribution may become the most common distribution strategy of media products. Among all the TV stations. In this sense, the most crucial strategy is to construct in- house celebrities covering hosts, reporters and commentators. epigram We, Chin Lulu and Tiger Huh, they are all superstars that have been made by Phoenix. Their strong in the flesh(predicate) style not only becomes the symbol of themselves, but makes their programmers as personal brands.In other words, the single(a) image and reputation have been related to the programmers closely. Therefore, it would be a situation either double-win or double-lose. Besides, the use of cultural celebrities has also become a wise choice for Phoenix to improve its reputation. Hosting the programmer octette Minutes Reading, Liana Wended, for instance, successfully attracts more attention from his previous readers. Apart from this, social media has been considered as a reusable platform for promotion. Like many other TV stations, Phoenix owns various accounts on different platform including, Webb and Weight.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Unit Labor Costs Matter Much More Than Actual Levels of Pay

Nga Discuss the view that unit prod monetary value event much more than developed directs of pay. Unit drudgecosts is thecostof compassperunitof. It is determined by the growth of honorarium and the point of growth of fightproductivity. Labour costs include the complete range of costs employers m different when they employ workers. They include not only requital but also the cost of recruiting and training workers, case insurance contributions, redundancy payments and benefits in kind. take do, however, constitute over 80% of total labour cost.So they, together with productivity, be the two key influences on unit labour costs. If productivity increases at a double-quick rate than the reward pay, unit labour costs are likely to fall. During the recession, the UK has seen falls in solid wage growth. If real wages are lower, firms may be more willing to employ labour rather than capital. In other words low wage growth mean labour is comparatively more attractive than usual. Therefore with lower labour costs, firms are willing to employ more workers and labour intensive production methods.If a countrys firms have higher unit labour costs than firms in rival countries, this may make their products less price competitive. The country will be improb competent to benefit from increased exports, as a result of a depreciating exchange rate. The increasing unit labour costs have caused firms to demand workers from abroad, who are willing to work for lower wages, to decrease the cost of production. But this has caused unemployment in the UK, and therefore a reduction in income. The result is AD shift to the left, which decreases the rate of economic growth.Rising unit labour costs have the potential to cause cost push lump. This is caused by wage increases which exceed any improvement in productivity. There are those who feel that unit labour costs matter much more than developed levels of pay and this is becauseULC contains within it all total labour costs divided by product. This includes wages, national insurance and redundancy payments. Wages are only a component of ULC, which leads people to feel that it does not matter as much it is only the amount paid to a worker for working a certain number of hours.Unit labour costs can be said to matter more because ithelps determine productivity. If total labour costs are at ? 5000 and output is 5000 units, so ULC would measure at ? 1. If however output increased to 10,000 units, then ULC would measure at 50p. This means that it now costs less per worker and also shows that workers are now more productive. On the other hand, if companies were becoming less productive, thenULC can help governments decide whether to apply supply-side policies or not.An example of this would be education and training, if a worker gains more knowledge in the field of work, then they should be able to produce more units than they did before. What can be also be noted from the graph is thatthere is a red uction of inflation from A to B when increasing productivity. Therefore ULC are very important and matter more than wages because it helps determine productivity, inflation and helps with decisions on supply-side policies. ULC does have some flaws however in thatsupply-side policies are not entirely determined by ULC, it can also be used to lower inflation as shown in the above graph.While it is agreed that ULC is important, some would argue that wages are more so. Wages make up 80 per cent of ULCand may suggest that wages determine ULC. If wages increased, then total labour costs would also increase. If total labour costs were at ? 20,000 and output was at 10,000, then ULC would measure at ? 2. If however total labour costs increased to ? 50,000 due to because of wages, and the level of output stayed the same, then ULC would measure at ? 5. This suggests a decrease in productivity as rise up as a relatively low level of international competitiveness.In countries where tokenish wa ge doesnt exist, wages may be considerably lower and the result from ULC would suggest high productivity but would not consider infringement of rights. To summarise, wages are more important than ULC because not only is it a significant proportion of ULC itself and can change the result independently , but it alsoallows people to see their independent income wages are more important to consumerswhereas ULC is more important to firms.In most developed countries however, there exists a minimum wage so wage abuse is not common. Also, the figures used previously assume that output form at a fixed level, in the case that it doesnt shows more factors involved and thus weakens the actual levels of pays effect. Actual levels of pay are important, but more so to the individual than to the collective. ULC allows a broader scope of how the country is performing economically compared to others and is therefore more important.